John Vachon: In the Heartland: Elevation


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Dubuque, Iowa, April 1940


Now, as in the first estate the permanency of the nation was provided for; and in the second estate its progressiveness and personal freedom;
there remains for the third estate only that interest which is the ground, the necessary antecedent condition, of both the former.
These depend on a continuing and progressive civilization. But civilization is itself but a mixed good, if not far more a corrupting influence,
the hectic of disease, not the bloom of health, and a nation so distinguished more fitly to be called a varnished than a polished people,
where this civilization is not grounded in cultivation, in the harmonious development of those qualities and faculties that characterize our humanity.
We must be men in order to be citizens.


-- S.T. Coleridge, On the Constitution of Church and State, 1830


If in all ideology men and their circumstances appear upside down as in a camera obscura, this phenomenon arises as much from their historical life process
as the inversion of objects on the retina does from their physical life process.

-- Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Critique of the German Ideology [ms.], 1846



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National Association of Manufacturers signboard, Dubuque, Iowa, April 1940

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Dubuque's largest industry in background, sash and door company. Employs 1,500 men during peak. Dubuque, Iowa, April 1940


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City mission, Dubuque, Iowa, April 1940


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Boys playing in an alley, Dubuque, Iowa, April 1940

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Business section, Dubuque, Iowa, with houses of the rich seen on cliffs in background, April 1940

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Card game in lobby of thirty-five cents a night hotel, Dubuque, Iowa, April 1940

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Children who live in the slums, Dubuque, Iowa, April 1940

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Elevator to residential section on the bluffs, Dubuque, Iowa, April 1940

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Dubuque, Iowa, front porch on the bluffs, April 1940

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Dubuque, Iowa, gas station at night, April 1940

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National Association of Manufacturers signboard, Dubuque, Iowa, April 1940


Photos by John Vachon from Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Collection, Library of Congress

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